| S.No | Case Name | Citation | Relevance |
| 1 | State v. Dosso | PLD 1958 SC 533 | Establishes doctrine of necessity |
| 2 | Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan v. Federation | PLD 1955 FC 240 | Upholds parliamentary sovereignty |
| 3 | State v. Zia-ul-Haq | PLD 1977 SC 657 | Addresses validity of military takeovers |
| 4 | Sheikh Liaquat Hussain v. Federation | PLD 1999 SC 504 | Explores the principle of separation of powers |
| 5 | Asma Jilani v. Government of the Punjab | PLD 1972 SC 139 | Affirms fundamental rights and judicial review |
| 6 | Benazir Bhutto v. President of Pakistan | 2009 SCMR 1 | Discusses the power of presidential discretion |
| 7 | Nawaz Sharif v. President of Pakistan | PLD 2013 SC 225 | Constitutional disqualification of the Prime Minister. |
| 8 | Sindh High Court Bar Association v. Federation | PLD 2009 SC 879 | Explores the concept of Separation of Powers and independence of the judiciary |
| 9 | Sheikh Shan Ilahi vs Federation of Pakistan | 2023 PLD 359 | In this case, the honorable court had to distinguish between fundamental rights which are absolute and others which are subjected to law or other reasonable restrictions. |
| 10 | Farooq brothers vs UBL | 2023 PLD 47 FSC | The honorable court had to interpret principles of policy mentioned in the Constitution of Pakistan as whether these princi are binding on the government and are these non-justiciable right? |
| 11 | Tahir Naqash vs The State | 2022 PLD 385 SC | It involved the freedom to profess and practice religion and what protections were available to minorities while exercising this right. |
| 12 | Amanat Ali Khan Jadoon vs Election Commission of Pakistan | 2022 YLR 2325 PHC | The question presented before the court was how and when fundamental rights are subjected to reasonable |
| 13 | General ® Pervez Musharaf vs Federation of Pakistan | 2020 PLD 285 LHC | Complaint was filed before the Special Court against the accused for committing high treason. The Court had to thoroughly check the legality of proclamation of emergency in the context of high treason. |
| 14 | Gul Sher vs Additional and Sessions Judge/Ex officio Justice of Peace, Bhowana | 2023 PLD 171 LHC | The court was presented with the issue of whether laws that are inconsistent with or in derogation of fundamental rights are void or otherwise. |
| 15 | Abdul Sattar vs The Judicial Commission of Pakistan | 2023 PLD 32 SC | The question before the Court was on what circumstances the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court can be invoked. The Court held that a petitioner must establish the violation of his fundamental right, the enforcement of which is a matter of public importance. |
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The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973
The Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, adopted in 1973, serves as the supreme law of the country, providing the framework for its governance, structure, and principles. Crafted after years of political struggle and deliberation, the constitution embodies the aspirations of the people of Pakistan for democracy, justice, and equality.
Key features of the Constitution of Pakistan include:
Preamble
The preamble of the constitution sets forth the guiding principles and objectives, including democracy, rule of law, equality, and social justice.
Federal Structure
The constitution establishes Pakistan as a federal parliamentary republic, comprising four provinces, federally administered territories, and the federal capital territory.
Fundamental Rights
The constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, including the right to life, liberty, equality before the law, freedom of speech, religion, and assembly. It also prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, religion, caste, or gender.
Islamic Provisions
The constitution declares Islam as the state religion and provides for the principles of Islamic law (Sharia) to be the supreme law of the land. It also establishes the Council of Islamic Ideology to advise the government on matters of Islamic law.
Parliament
The constitution establishes a bicameral legislature consisting of the National Assembly (lower house) and the Senate (upper house), with the power to enact laws, approve the budget, and oversee the executive branch.
Executive
The constitution provides for a President as the head of state, elected by an electoral college comprising members of the National Assembly, Senate, and provincial assemblies. The Prime Minister, elected by the National Assembly, heads the government as the chief executive.
Judiciary
The constitution establishes an independent judiciary, with the Supreme Court as the highest judicial authority. It provides for the appointment of judges based on merit and ensures the separation of powers between the judiciary, legislature, and executive.
Amendments
The constitution outlines the procedure for its amendment, requiring a two-thirds majority in both houses of parliament or a consensus among the provinces for certain amendments related to federalism.
The Constitution of Pakistan, with its emphasis on democracy, fundamental rights, and the rule of law, serves as the cornerstone of the country’s legal and political system, providing the framework for governance and ensuring the protection of citizens’ rights and freedoms.